对一堂课中成功的教学行为的观察与分析

当今时代知识更新日益加快，衡量一个人素质的主要标准不再仅仅是他占有知识的多少。国外学者指出，一个人在未来社会必须通过教育拥有三张“通行证”，即学术性通行证，职业性通行证，以及事业心和开拓技能（创造力）的通行证。人们不难获得一个共识：新的世纪更加强烈地呼唤着教学对创造性思维的培养。

在英语课堂教学中，我一直努力探索新的教法，特别注重学生思维发展训练。使学生不单单停留在理解和掌握所学的内容上，而是要结合已学知识去创造，去探索，增强创新能力。在九年制义务教育课本九年级第一学期Lesson Twelve“ Smoking Is Harmful to Your Health”这堂课上，我尝试使用创造性复述的方法。即让学生在把握原文主题，故事发展的基础上进行大胆、合理的想象，对原文内容和形式进行加工、整理、归纳、改写后进行复述。这样做能促进学生语言知识能力的迅速转化，有利于开发学生的智力，培养学生丰富的想象力，开发其创造性思维。课文原文如下：

I know smoking’s bad for people, and I’ve never really liked smoking. I remember smoking my first cigarette. I was fourteen when my parents let me go on a school camping trip, and that’s where it happened. A friend of mine bought a packet of twenty from a cigarette shop near the campsite, and offered me one. I said it would be harmful to my health. I wouldn’t smoke it. But he said one cigarette would not matter much. So I tried smoking one, and then another, and so on. The first made me feel sick, and the second one made me cough a lot. In fact, I’ve never really enjoyed smoking. But giving it up is more difficult than starting. I’ve often tried before, but now that I know how harmful it is to others as well as to myself, I have decided to give it up as soon as possible.

创造性复述可分为四种：

1概括性复述：根据材料所展示的内容进行分析、概括、推理，总结全文大意或段落大意。这需要学生很强的归纳能力。如：

I remember smoking my first cigarette on my school camping trip. A friend of mine offered me a cigarette. I knew it would be harmful to my health, but he insisted. So I tried one, then another. In fact, I have never enjoyed smoking. However, giving it up is very difficult. Now that I know how harmful it is to others as well as to myself, I have decided to give it up.

2替换复述：让学生变更人称、时态、语态或文章体裁进行复述。如将课文改成对话形式：

A: Would you like to have a smoke?

B: No, thanks. You know smoking is bad for you. I used to smoke but my doctor said smoking would make me cough a lot.

A: But one cigarette won’t matter much.

B: Once you start one, you will want another and so on and you won’t be able to stop. Giving it up is much more difficult than starting it.

A: When I get tired or sleepy, a cigarette helps a lot.

B: It sounds right, but things will get worse until one day you won’t be able to keep working without a smoke. Smoking is harmful not only to the smoker but also to others. Let’s give up smoking together!

A: Now that I know how harmful smoking is to people, I’d better take your advice.

3续篇复述：根据故事可能发生的变化，利用原有知识发挥想象，学生们在热烈的讨论中讲出了各自想象的结局，这种复述有利于培养学生的想象力和创造意识。如：

I used to be a heavy smoker. Every day I smoked two packets of cigarettes and even more. I fell ill and coughed a lot. The doctor said I had smoked too much and should give up smoking as soon as possible. I took the doctor’s advice and smoked less and less, sometimes I eat such food as sweets ,biscuits instead of smoking. Now I not only have really given it up but help my friends to get rid of this bad habit as well.

4联想复述：尽可能地把课堂时间让给学生，让他们能够充分展现自己，争取说话的机会。这里，有的学生很自然地联想到了实际生活。如：

My father is the only one who smokes in my family. He knows that smoking is harmful, but he still smokes. He said it was hard to give it up. I have decided to help him. I’m going to have a talk with him and tell him that smoking is not only harmful to him but also to Mum and me. We don’t like smoking at all. I’m going to buy a packet of sweets. If he wants to have a smoke, he can have a sweet instead. I hope he will be able to give up smoking in this way.

综上所说，我认为在这堂课上运用复述的教学方法还是比较成功的，在一定程度上激发了学生创造性思维，锻炼了学生运用英语思维的能力。

刘伟芳

2005－1－18